We need to find what the author thinks is the best long-term solution for controlling piracy. From passage: "It quickly becomes clear that in those parts of the world that have not profited from globalization and modernisation, and where abject poverty and the daily struggle for survival is still a reality, the root causes of piracy are still the same as they were a couple of hundred years ago." The author identifies the root cause -> poverty and lack of development -> so the real solution must address this root cause, not just symptoms. The passage also shows what doesn't work long-term: - Warships: "costly and only solve the problem temporarily" - Technology: "will only make pirates switch their targets" - Diplomatic efforts: "plagued by mutual distrust" But one thing did work: "Investment in local welfare put a halt to Malaysian piracy in the 1970s"

🔴 Option 1 -> contradicted by passage -> Author says robot shipping "will only make pirates switch their targets to smaller carriers" - technology just moves the problem around 🟠 Option 2 -> partial-truth -> Welfare schemes worked in Malaysia, but author notes they depend on "money somehow filtering through a corrupt bureaucracy" - this shows welfare alone isn't enough without addressing deeper structural issues 🟠 Option 4 -> contradicted by passage -> Author says diplomatic initiatives are "plagued by mutual distrust" with countries having different approaches (Russians execute pirates, EU/US fear asylum claims) 🟢 Option 3 -> correct -> Directly addresses what author identifies as "root causes" - the "abject poverty and daily struggle for survival" that drives people to piracy. This goes deeper than just welfare schemes to tackle the fundamental income disparities. The author's logic: temporary fixes fail -> must address root cause -> root cause is poverty/inequality -> eliminate poverty/disparities for long-term control.

CAT (VARC) PYQs

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