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1600 satellites were sent up by a country for several purposes. The purposes are classified as broadcasting (B), communication (C), surveillance (S), and others (O). A satellite can serve multiple purposes; however a satellite serving either B, or C, or S does not serve O. The following facts are known about the satellites:

  1. The numbers of satellites serving B, C, and S (though may be not exclusively) are in the ratio 2:1:1.
  2. The number of satellites serving all three of B, C, and S is 100.
  3. The number of satellites exclusively serving C is the same as the number of satellites exclusively serving S. This number is 30% of the number of satellites exclusively serving B.
  4. The number of satellites serving O is the same as the number of satellites serving both C and S but not B.

What best can be said about the number of satellites serving C?

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 3
Slide 1/5

Understanding the Set

This is a Venn Diagram set involving three overlapping sets.

Define the seven regions inside the Venn diagram as follows:

RegionVariable
Only Bb
Only Cc
Only Ss
B ∩ C onlyx
B ∩ S onlyy
C ∩ S onlyz
B ∩ C ∩ S100 (given)

Outside the three sets lies the "Others" category:

RegionVariable
OO

The key idea is to first translate every statement into equations, simplify the relationships between the regions, and finally use the total number of satellites.

RegionValue/Relation
Only Bb
Only Cc
Only Ss
B ∩ C onlyx
B ∩ S onlyy
C ∩ S onlyz
B ∩ C ∩ S100
OO

From the ratio of satellites serving B, C and S, Btotal:Ctotal:Stotal=2:1:1.B_{total}:C_{total}:S_{total}=2:1:1.

Hence, Ctotal=Stotal.C_{total}=S_{total}.

Now, Ctotal=c+x+z+100C_{total}=c+x+z+100

and Stotal=s+y+z+100.S_{total}=s+y+z+100.

Also, c=sc=s (given in the question).

Therefore, c+x+z+100=s+y+z+100c+x+z+100=s+y+z+100

which simplifies to x=y.{x=y.}

RegionValue/Relation
Only Bb
Only Cc
Only Sc
B ∩ C onlyx
B ∩ S onlyx
C ∩ S onlyz
B ∩ C ∩ S100
Oz

Using Btotal=2Ctotal,B_{total}=2C_{total},

we get b+x+y+100=2(c+x+z+100).b+x+y+100=2(c+x+z+100).

Since x=y,x=y, the xx-terms cancel, giving b=2c+2z+100.{b=2c+2z+100.}

Now use the given relation c=30% of bc=30\%\text{ of }b, i.e., c=0.3b.c=0.3b.

Substituting b=2c+2z+100b=2c+2z+100, c=0.3(2c+2z+100).c=0.3(2c+2z+100).

Solving, c=1.5z+75.{c=1.5z+75.}

Substituting back, b=5z+250.{b=5z+250.}

RegionValue
Only B5z+2505z+250
Only C1.5z+751.5z+75
Only S1.5z+751.5z+75
B ∩ C onlyx
B ∩ S onlyx
C ∩ S onlyz
B ∩ C ∩ S100
Oz

The total number of satellites is 1600.

Hence, 1600=b+c+s+x+y+z+100+O.1600=b+c+s+x+y+z+100+O.

Using s=c,y=x,O=z,s=c,\qquad y=x,\qquad O=z,

we obtain 1600=b+2c+2x+2z+100.1600=b+2c+2x+2z+100.

Substituting the expressions for bb and cc,

1600=(5z+250)+2(1.5z+75)+2x+2z+100.1600=(5z+250)+2(1.5z+75)+2x+2z+100.

Simplifying, 1600=10z+500+2x.1600=10z+500+2x.

Therefore, x=550−5z.{x=550-5z.}

RegionFinal Expression
Only B5z+2505z+250
Only C1.5z+751.5z+75
Only S1.5z+751.5z+75
B ∩ C only550−5z550-5z
B ∩ S only550−5z550-5z
C ∩ S onlyzz
B ∩ C ∩ S100
Ozz

From the common solution, we can say that the number of satellites serving C must be between 450 and 725. Hence, option C is the correct answer.

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