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Let f(x)=f(x)= max{5x5x, 52−2x252-2x^2}, where xx is any positive real number. Then the minimum possible value of f(x)f(x) is

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Solution

✅ Correct Answer: 20

We have f(x)=max⁡{5x,52−2x2}f(x) = \max\{5x, 52-2x^2\} where x>0x > 0.

The notation max⁡{a,b}\max\{a, b\} means "take the larger of the two values aa and bb."

So at any point xx, we calculate both 5x5x and 52−2x252-2x^2, then pick whichever is bigger.

Solution figure for CAT 2018 QA question 23 (Algebra)

The minimum value of f(x)f(x) occurs exactly when the two expressions inside the max function are equal.

When 5x<52−2x25x < 52-2x^2, we have f(x)=52−2x2f(x) = 52-2x^2 (the larger value)

When 5x>52−2x25x > 52-2x^2, we have f(x)=5xf(x) = 5x (the larger value)

When 5x=52−2x25x = 52-2x^2, we have f(x)=5x=52−2x2f(x) = 5x = 52-2x^2 (both are equal)

The minimum happens at the "switching point" where neither function dominates the other.


We set the two expressions equal:

5x=52−2x25x = 52 - 2x^2

2x2+5x−52=02x^2 + 5x - 52 = 0

Using the quadratic formula where a=2a = 2, b=5b = 5, c=−52c = -52:

x=−5±52−4(2)(−52)2(2)x = \dfrac{-5 \pm \sqrt{5^2 - 4(2)(-52)}}{2(2)}

=−5±25+4164= \dfrac{-5 \pm \sqrt{25 + 416}}{4}

=−5±4414= \dfrac{-5 \pm \sqrt{441}}{4}

Since 441=21\sqrt{441} = 21:

x=−5±214x = \dfrac{-5 \pm 21}{4}

This gives us x=164=4x = \dfrac{16}{4} = 4 or x=−264=−6.5x = \dfrac{-26}{4} = -6.5

Since we need x>0x > 0, we take x=4x = 4.


At x=4x = 4:

5x=5(4)=205x = 5(4) = 20

52−2x2=52−2(16)=52−32=2052 - 2x^2 = 52 - 2(16) = 52 - 32 = 20

Both expressions equal 20, confirming our intersection point.

Therefore, the minimum value of f(x)f(x) is 20.

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