Given ak=3k, so a1=3,a2=9,a3=27,…
We need the smallest natural number m such that:
(a1)1⋅(a2)2⋅(a3)3⋯(a20)20<a21⋅a22⋯a20+m
Since ak=3k, each term on the LHS becomes:
(ak)k=(3k)k=3k2
So LHS =312⋅322⋅332⋯3202
=312+22+32+⋯+202
Using the formula k=1∑nk2=6n(n+1)(2n+1):
12+22+⋯+202=620×21×41=2870
So LHS =32870
Each term on the RHS is a20+i=320+i, where i goes from 1 to m.
RHS =321⋅322⋯320+m
=321+22+⋯+(20+m)
=3∑i=1m(20+i)
=320m+2m(m+1)
The inequality becomes:
32870<320m+2m(m+1)
Since the base 3>1, the exponents follow the same inequality:
2870<20m+2m(m+1)
5740<40m+m(m+1)
5740<m2+41m
m2+41m−5740>0
Using the quadratic formula with m2+41m−5740=0:
m=2−41+412+4×5740
=2−41+1681+22960
=2−41+24641
=2−41+156.99…
≈2116=58
Checking m=57: 572+41(57)=3249+2337=5586<5740 (does not satisfy)
Checking m=58: 582+41(58)=3364+2378=5742>5740 (satisfies)
The smallest natural number m is 58.